Nice idea. Like the comment before, I would make the ship interact with the edges of the screen, but my suggestion is to reflect the line of the edge like a ray.

I would prefer if you could rotate the ship (and the jump-line) while charging it. Sometimes asteroids will pop up in the last moment without you being able to do anything about it.

The window is resizable, but the game's viewport doesn't seem to change with the resize event.

Lol, you just hyper-jump through the asteroids to destroy them, very neat. Making the distance grow exponentially (or squarely) makes it quite tactical.

I would make the ship loop around the screen, like it does in asteroids. Would make it possible to fill the screen with you hyper-jump line, for some risky ultra move.