Is there any programming language that we should/must use? I've read in multiple threads about C# but I'm only familiar with gamedevelopment in Java.
There is no specific programming language that you have to use for this Jam. Probably the reason you see so many people talking about C# is because that is what Unity Game Engine uses.
Also C# and Java are very similar I had been working with Java for a couple of years before I finally tried using Unity, and it was a pretty easy switch. So to answer your question no you do not have to use an specific coding language