Obtaining information is both a hard and an easy task in our day and age.
Things I would try.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_kinematics#See_also
See also sections of wikipedia.
People making tutorials about such things.
Asking a search engine. But it might help to give context. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=game+development+How+to+make+an+enemy+similar+to+the+w...
The general topic is algorithms. And they are problem specific. Or task specific. So specify your task and add the word algorithm to a search. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=game+development+obstacle+avoidance+algorithm&ia=web