I think I've played enough of the game where I can provide proper feedback. There is a lot so I will section it off.
Keyboard Controls:
aside from what we've already discussed, I think 4 buttons for abilities is way too many to keep track of, especially once you add more complex enemies and weapons.
I think this can be simplified to just two buttons: shoot and glide. If you are willing to make a small sacrifice you can even narrow it to just shoot.
Air Jump: this can be bound to the spacebar
Droid climb: this can can be bound to right/left + up while against a wall.
Glide: if you're willing to sacrifice aiming up in the air, you can make it bound to up while in the air. Either way, it would feel more natural if you could press down while gliding to cancel it.
Also, it would be nice to have movement bound to WASD but that's just a personal preference.
Navigation
I respect your decision to not include a minimap, but as is the game is really hard to gage whether you're making progress or have even visited an area before. I have a few ideas on how to fix that.
You could add more unique landmarks to the map, like a giant derelict robot in the background. This would make players recognize the terrain better and know if they've been somewhere before.
You could alternatively add a way for players to mark areas if a player realizes they need to come back with a powerup. Similarly, you could mark the areas a player has been in some way, such as with fog that gets cleared or something.
If you're willing to compromise slightly on adding a map, you could only add a map that shows the overall world areas. No player marker, no details, just an overview of how each area connects to each other and how shows how many areas there are.
Progress
In open world games it is good to have an end goal to work towards so the game doesn't feel aimless. In Zelda: Breath of the Wild you always know where ganons castle is but you know you aren't powerful enough to take him on until you explore. This game could use something similar, because I have (what I believe to be) all the upgrades and have explored almost everywhere in the map but I couldn't find the boss.
Overall
This is an amazing game, especially for a game jam. It feels expansive, immersive, and is really well done. This is definitely my favorite game I've played so far and definitely the most ambitious. Keep working on this and you will have a really solid Metroidvania on your hands! Don't let my criticism be discouraging, I only took the time to write all the criticism because I enjoyed the game so much. Good job!