Population tracking is a little more abstract in 2.0. Individual people aren't tracked, instead there are abstract "pops" that each represent several people (families, maybe). So there won't be children, per se, but I do like the idea of schools. I've noted it down for future thinking on.
Off the top of my head, I could see schools as a double edged sword. On the one hand the population is more educated, more productive, and can probably do more advanced things (better ships, more advanced architeture), but on the other hand they might get restless and demand more freedoms or luxuries. That would be an interesting choice to present to the player.
Thanks!