clouds: ultraviolet light
Rain: drain water
Sandstorm/storm winds; defense shields
Radioactive winds: defense shields
nothing: bug spray/adjust stats (pick option to fill in any lacking areas)
Acid rain: defense shields
Mech weeds: bug/weed spray
Edit, I finished the game. It's really hard, but try again and again and eventually, a round will have the correct response. It also takes logic and luck in weather.