I've tried this build and it's worked on my recently formatted phone, so there's gotta be something that starts with the download process.
Some quick search instructs to enable installing apps from unknown sources, but if you've installed the game before then I presume that's not the case. If you tried installing it through the downloads app on android, I'd try installing through the file manager instead or downloading the apk again.
Viewing post in Separate purchase?
I had used the file manager app for previous attempts as well. I just recently tried installing the apk on two other androids I had lying around, and the same issue came up with both of them. I also tried downloading from separate devices and moving the apk over to my phone with no luck. Recently I looked into potential reasons for the issue and found that sometimes compression caused by downloading with Chrome can cause this issue, so I tried downloading with both duck duck go and Firefox, but that didn't work either. I've installed a lot of apks, but this is the first time I've seen this kind of issue.
If you'd be able to join the discord above and @ me I could have renpy export additional android builds that are more specific and send it over for you to try. It guarantees the universal version works on most devices but I can always set up an extra android build in case the universal one's failing and another works instead.