You can connect to your own server with either of these:
- localhost
- local ip
- 127.0.0.1
- public ip
If for some reason you can't connect with them, then either you haven't started the server, or perhaps the TCP/UDP ports are blocked.
Used ports are:
TCP 30303
UDP 30304
Also if you start the server with a console, then you can even see when someone connects to it.
Whenever there's a new connection to the server - it shows this in the console logs.