Hey, thank you for taking the time to explain this mechanic to me! I totally understand that you ran out of time and couldn't get all the features you planned for -- but this is great for a jam game!
I think if you did want to keep improving it, then it might help to show (with animation, colors, etc.) which bubbles have a bigger effect. Maybe you could even introduce some "combos," like having a bigger effect if the player hits more than one bubble from the same throw, or some bubbles could act as multipliers. There could also be "power ups," like making the ball bigger or having some "explosions" -- I guess you would have to figure out how that fits into the theme of meditation, though! 😆
To answer your question, yes, I think even disabling the controls for just a few seconds on "Game Over" (maybe there could be an onscreen timer) would help prevent someone from accidentally restarting the game before seeing the final score.
Anyway, like I said, I like the art style and you came up with a lot of funny ideas which you executed well for the time you had!