No offence taken, even with my experience Strive is a crazy mess that still surprises me, and that's before we add in mods.
Your Constants mod was updated when you applied the Bugfix mod, and since you probably re-applied the mods after it was updated it should be fully up to date. The Constants mod only exists in the main menu and is unloaded entirely when you enter the mansion, the mod is pretty isolated and not prone to problems with anything besides itself (I'll get those worked out eventually).
Random portraits is also a very isolated mod and not prone to problems. The old version still works with minimal issues, but this https://itch.io/t/984434/randomportraits-and-portrait-pack-editor-for-the-10-version is the current version.
Expanded Sex is a group of mods that has two parts to it, Es-01-ExpandedSex and Es-02-ChastityBelt. There is a topic to download the first part by itself, but that has version 1.3d rather than 1.3e. He added some compatibility tweaks for my Bugfix mod since I copied his bugfixes, but the 1.3d first part does not appear to conflict. However, the Bugfix mod has been updated since, but the ChastityBelt mod has not and is not compatible with recent versions. You didn't list ChastityBelt so I will assume that you don't have that part, but I mention it just in case.
Leveling Makes You Smarter, Halfkin Offspring Expanded, Mind Read Always Active, and Armor Matters were all made prior to version 1.0 of Strive, which was a period of significant code changes and makes them prone to having the wrong line numbers. Fortunately the mods seem to have avoided most of the changes past and present as none of them conflict with any of your stated mods. Leveling Makes You Smarter and Halfkin Offspring Expanded appear to both be entirely okay, though they both touch core mechanic so I won't rule out conflict with other mods.
Mind Read Always Active has some significant line targeting problems so I changed the first three tags to:
<RemoveFrom 29 29>
<AddTo 29>
<RemoveFrom 176 181>
Note, the mind read mechanics have changed since then to no longer require a turn to cast during combat, which was one of the big motivations behind the mod.
Armor Matters has a slight line problem so I changed the second tag to:
<AddTo 54>
After making those changes I applied the Bugfix mod, restarted the game, applied all the mods, restarted, and had no issues with any of the mods. Here is my mod panel:
The mod system notes that a couple overlaps between the mods occurred, but I know from having looked at them that neither are a problem.The order of the mods is mostly open to flexibility as there are minimal overlaps, with the exceptions being Mana for Baby and Constants need to be below the Bugfix. The Bugfix is placed first and random portraits and Constants last as a general approach to deal with conflicts.
Thus your problems likely are a result of either your changes to the mods or your save file has data corruption. I would recommend trying a fresh install with the tag changes I made and see if you have any problems with a fresh start versus loading your save. If the save file is the problem and you want to keep playing it, then you can share it here or on Discord and I can try to fix it as explaining all the data in the save file is tedious.