Generally people wanting to make games in C++ create their own game engines. You could use a framework such as Gunslinger (C) or SFML (C++) to help you. For 2D games like platformers and top-down shooters, rendering sprites to a window, playing sounds and grabbing keyboard input is enough, and that isn’t all that hard to do.
You can program in C++ for Godot as well. Or C. Or Rust. Or really anything that compiles to native code.