The gold orb requires a ladder. The ladder needs not only a hammer and nails, but multiple piles of wood.
One shake doesn't do anything; multiple shakes will loosen something.
The password requires one additional set of information, which you can find on the bookshelf. "Don't forget to remove the blue's middle" didn't really make sense, but I just made the word I got from the clues up to then into the closest proper English word and that was the password. (The note does say, "is that even right?")