The flinch mechanic is interesting but when I tried to make use of it against the enemies it didn't seem to do much, and aside from using cover to reduce my chances of getting hit by bullets there didn't seem like there was enough to reliably move forward to the goal. Still, I think the flinch mechanic being shared by both player and enemy is pretty cool and worth being fleshed out!
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It is hard to tell visually. I have a sound effect that plays when the flinch mechanic is applied to an enemy. If you are consistently shooting near an enemy( applying the effect) then that enemy will not be able to shoot at you. The can still fire so you might see shots from them but none will hit you. It is most likely that you are being shot but another enemy.