Cool gameplay idea! I haven't seen anything quite like it. I think with some tuning like making it a tad easier to jump over rocks on your planet and a little more airborne control you'd have a really addictive arcade platformer experience on your hands. I appreciate that sometimes meteors would come and make you move while you wait for an opening to jump to the next planet. I also like that you can be pulled around by the orbit of a planet, like a moon would be pulled around a planet. If you could implement some kind of cool slingshot mechanics using that, that could bring an interesting new layer to your game.
Nice work!