As far as I know Gobliiins 5 uses a recent version of AGS (https://www.adventuregamestudio.co.uk/) which requires at least Windows Vista, so it's probably impossible to run it with Wine simulating XP. Since Vista is older than your computer, maybe you can set up Wine to Vista-level compatibility and try again.
As for ScummVM, it works fine on my computer with an even older GTS 450, but I'm on Windows and I haven't tried this game. ScummVM devs don't provide builds for Jessie, though. Maybe it's still possible to compile your own, You can get some help on ScummVM's forum, Discord server or IRC channel.
If running a Linux build of ScummVM on your machine is really not possible, you could try running the Win95 build of ScummVM in Wine and hope AGS is supported on this build.
Alternatively, it might be possible to use the Linux port of the AGS engine although its requirement may be too high for Jessie (https://github.com/adventuregamestudio/ags/blob/master/debian/README.md).
Anyway, I don't know if any of this will work but, if your current setup fails, it's worth considering.