The redistributables should be installed automatically, but this may be a problem where there are corrupted files in your appdata/local/temp folder from this or other attempted installs.
The Microsoft downloads should still be available at these links you could try installing the latest versions manually:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=20914
https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download/dotnet-framework
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26999
If that doesn't work, deleting the relevant folders in your appdata/local/temp folder or running disk cleanup https://superuser.com/questions/571901/is-it-safe-to-delete-appdata-local-temp (probably the safer route) may resolve the installation issues.
Thanks for the troubleshooting, the disk cleanup didn't help, but the manual install did. It would have helped if I read the right part of the page and knew what I was looking for the first time, but that's definitely on me. I've only played the tutorials so far, but I'm definitely enjoying the game, so thanks for making it as well!