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There isn't a virus in this. The way anti-viruses "detect" if a program is malicious or not is by looking at the end of the file name. In this case the files ending is ".exe". This means that the file is executable and can be ran within the desktop. 

To be noted though, there are a lot of viruses out there that do end in .exe. Do your research on files before you install them by either looking at forums such as this or youtube videos. 

Most anti-viruses will "detect" if a file is a virus or not based on the file end of it. In this case the file is an ".exe" file. Most malicious files out there do end in .exe. Although, not to worry, .exe just means its executable. That means it can run and do "things" (Based on what it is) within the the desktop. 

You can't assume every .exe file is safe. Do your research on the program first and never install something that hasn't been verified by other people as safe. 

I've read down in comments that you can run this using a terminal app called Wine. You have to download the Windows version of desktop goose. Watch a few videos on Wine for your distribution of linux. It should show you how to run the file. I can't say for sure how well it works though. 

I don't suggest downloading files like this to a school computer. Either way, it doesn't work because desktop goose is an ".exe" file and due to the chromebooks OS, it can't be ran on the average chromebook. There are ways to bypass this but  for the school's sake; don't. 

No, because it is an ".exe" file there is no way for the chromebook to run it. If you really want to try to run it, turn on linux beta mode in settings and install a program in the terminal called "WINE".  I can't say for sure if the program will work on chromebook using this method, wouldn't try it either, but feel free to try it.