I currently have a system set up to load specific objects from prefabs with certain names at runtime, but I'm wondering if there's any way to run some code in the editor (from the Behavior, hopefully), so I can maybe show the sprites after placing/renaming.

Any thoughts?

I don't think there is a way to do but there is an alternative. You could make it so the sprite is draggable in game so you can see these things in the inspect window.