Are we allowed to apply small patches to our games now that voting has started and feedback has been given?
Voting isn't over. You can fix game breaking bugs or minor things like forgetting to mention someone in your credits or a level that didn't load, but do not make any adjustments to gameplay, balance, polish, features, art, etc. Use the feedback and fix up your game after the jam is over.
Or! You can upload update builds with a title that warns players that its a post jam build so they understand.