Wow this is a great improvement over the last version I tested! You solved all the issues I had with the previous version, without sacrificing the basic concept (permadeath, etc.). The different options of retreat, along with the choice to sell ore early or not, creates meaningful decisions. Overall the mecanic feels very balanced now.
The only thing which felt a bit underpowered to me are the mercenaries. It never felt like a good idea to invest into them. Maybe there is a theoretical window where it makes sense to hire mercenaries to complete a mission that otherwhise would fail, but that is very hard to predict. Maybe you could make them cheaper so that there is always the question "How many mercenaries should I hire?". Or they come with increasing prices.
Overall the game is really fun!