I think you put a great idea on the paper here. The spikes that appear on your orbits could turn this into a rhythm shooting game, each planet with its BPM, and every BPM increasing as the battle goes on would make for a pretty intense experience.
I also liked how the boss could cover you, and make it impossible to see the spikes you need to dodge, forcing you to move orbits (possibly to a more dangerous one, or one that doesn't let you hit the boss as much)
If the concept needed to be proven, you proved it here with its most essential elements.