Does the game crash at that point or does it hang? I was dumb/lazy and never made it so that loading the game didn't block the main thread so when you launch the game it sits there for about a minute loading/initializing everything. It might be that the vulkan driver thinks it's lost the device, but it's actually just taking forever to respond.
I was able to repro the hang that you're seeing as well as the occasional run. So I tried to update to 440, but the latest I could see was 430. I updated to that and then Steam decided that it needed a specific version of libgl. So then I tried upgrading Steam from apt-get and now it kind of looks like it's trying to build Steam from source...I'll keep trying.