maybe the Zoom H4n, it's around 200€ on Thomann, it's not cheap but it's a good investment.
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oh wow yeah it's expensive... maybe try to buy it used, a lot of time used stuff is correct on the audio equipment (these things are solid) You can still start recording stuff with your phone, it will just not be as good sounding as if recorded with a pro audio device, but it'll be a good start. You can also train to modify sounds from youtube or sample websites