Your specs definitely seem good enough.
I wonder if Window 10 Pro is more strict with file system perms than basic. You could probably try Run as Administator. Maybe you have already. The screen you showed often happens when files could not be found or loaded. e.g. from the misc subfolder.
Now the fact the log files aren't even produced may also be a clue, for example creation would be something a strict policy would be limiting.
This could also be a locale issue somehow affecting how os paths are interpreted symbolwise.
I highly doubt it's an AntiVirus isssue because the game did run. Without log.txt there's no way for me to know.
Coincidentally I swapped my mobo and processor recently and this resulted in my windows key being totally invalidated for some reason. Maybe later i'll pickup Win10 Pro and experiment.
Thanks for trying!