If I get the five dollar Patreon membership for this game, do I get early access to builds and updates before they're released here?
Correct
How much earlier if I may ask?
Usually a month. For instance, the content that released here this month was available on Patreon last month
So if I joined that tier of subscription I would immediately have access to build 0.32 ?
The current Patreon release is 0.31 Patreon, but it contains half of Day 16 which isn't in the Public release.