Love seeing another GameMaker dev! This game was a blast to play. I felt a bit too strong as the player, and then after taking down the first boss and the second one came out I thought ... OK, ramping up the challenge! I guess that fight is for another day though.
The controls are intuitive, but only after playing for a bit did I realize the cannons had their own cool down timer and my own Air Force bombardment was automatic and on its own timer. You have a really nice animation for when the cannons are ready to fire, but you don't signal to the player when any of their other attacks are available or how much of the resource they cost to use.
If you cleaned up the UI some to make those things easier to follow, this is a game I could see myself spending a lot of time on! It had some of the best bits of Galaga in it, with great extra attacks.
I love the art and animations on the player, environment and enemies, but I do wonder if you should have used a wider palette. There's beauty in the black and white, but you also had some red, blue and I believe green. Even if you stuck with one extra color, but did a slight hue shift in either direction for the enemies and the player defenses, it would make the screen easier to read in the intense and fun moment-to-moment gameplay.
Overall, great work and a gem of the jam.