I think what generally separates a roguelike from a Foddian game is that roguelikes are generally made up of different levels instead of a single large level like most Foddian games. There doesn't need to be climbing, although climbing is a really easy way to make a game feel Foddian.
As far as I know, there aren't any Foddian RPGs out there to work from, it's up to you to figure out what feels Foddian in that context.