I like the game idea, but it's definitely too complex for a beginner project. I'd say you should expect to spend quite some time learning a tool and programming language, creating all kinds of tiny prototypes and smaller games before you can start with such a project.
Regarding tools, I would advise an engine like Godot or Unity. They're accessible and relatively easy to learn, and powerful enough to create a complex project like this. Godot is completely free, and Unity is free until you start to earn lots of money with your games. They both export to many different platforms, including mobile and WebGL. (I don't have experience with Godot myself, though.)
Some alternatives that I would not recommend for this:
-Unreal: geared towards excellent 3d visuals, but overkill for a project like this.
-Lower level programmer tools like C++ & sfml, MonoGame, LibGDX or even C++ & OpenGL/DirectX: it's more work to get up and running, and only good if you (find that you) really like programming and want full control over everything.
-More accessible beginner tools like Game Maker: easy to learn, but I expect you'll run into their limitations if you start to build a complex simulation with lots of interactions. (Game Maker is also not free btw)
-PyGame: with so much of your own code running (for a simulation), you're probably going to run into performance issues.
But I don't have experience with all of these, so I could be wrong. :-) Get some more input too.
Not quite what you describe, but still, here's a cool Unity project, somewhat related: