Really cool concept!
The comparison which came to mind for me was Pokemon, especially the first fight with your starter when you only ever have an attacking and a stat changing move.
Adding a controlled randomness however felt like it expanded in a unique direction compared to where Pokemon obviously adds more depth with expanded moves and teams. I think incorporating both (a variety of moves and characters with unique stats and movesets) would make a fantastic foundation for a competitive strategy game, maybe one well suited for a mobile pick up and play demographic.
I really hope you do expand on this! Great submission!