the answer will vary depending on how much like rogue you want your roguelike to be and how comfortable you are with hacking the engine >:)
the short answer is "no, not really" since bitsy doesn't have any built-in ability to change the tiles or sprites in a room
a longer answer is "sort of": it's possible to use variables in bitsy dialog to control what room a player goes to when they step through an exit; combine that with a shuffle block and you can randomize the rooms players go to - I've experimented with this as a way to create a random world layout and it's definitely possible, but I never finished the game in question partly because of how labor intensive the process was, so keep that in mind
a last option is you can hack the game engine either using community-made hacks (https://seleb.github.io/bitsy-hacks/) or by making your own modifications to the game's javascript after exporting - at that point you can basically do whatever you want, but obviously this is the most technically complex option