The idea sounds fine on paper but I don't think it works that well with the ten seconds limitation. To me, 10 seconds without being able to shoot felt like an eternity, and once time is frozen the restriction on the laser is very frustrating, I whish I would not have to wait that long between two shots. The second wave of enemies is also very brutal, and some of them are unforgiving. I never got pass the second wave. Those jellyfish are not joking around...
For this idea to really work, in my opinion, the phases should be more connected. Something like the more thing you dodge while time is flowing, the more time you'll have when enemies are frozen.
Even though it didn't click for me, I can still see the great amount of work you put into it, and I do think the idea is good, it just needs some tweaking to work.