So there are three apparent issues here. I have 1.3.5 for windows and they are all present. Without knowing specifically what is going on in your playthroughs, I cannot know where the discrepancy would be but I can verify these scenes are present.
1) The sprite scenes with Raylene and Rose are present late at night but don't matter in terms of progressing the story. You probably need to explore the basement for the special drink as part of Raylene's story (or at-least pick up the lantern) but I'm not sure. That's when you get access to the bar's basement anyways. It doesn't always fire (some nights they apparently aren't seeing each other, at-least not there) so you might have to make a few trips for the scenes to fire.
2) Mary gets her adventuring costume from Rose during her story arc. She needs it to explore the Valencia Forest. Once you have access to her wardrobe and once you've explored the forest once the outfit should be available. It changes he schedule so she tends the chickens in the morning and in the afternoon she's hanging out by the town fountain.
3) You should be able to work with Raylene at both midday and at night from the beginning of the game (you need to talk to her about working for her). Once you've progressed far enough in Raylene's story you should be able perform a "special job (???)" for her when choosing to work as opposed to lifting barrels or serving drinks. If you don't see it yet, continue Raylene's story until it shows up. If you're stuck at a particular point, check your journal and see what tasks you have to do. You can always ask if you have trouble with a particular quest.
I'm sorry if this isn't much help. Without knowing details I cannot say why the scene's aren't working for you. If you let us know what quests you have to do, I or someone else might be able to provide more specific help. If you're sure you're doing everything right you might want to try a re-install while getting rid of all of your saves but I think you should be able to progress without taking such a drastic step. Let us know if you want more specific help.