For example, you have to beat the generals in under 100 days, but Belphegor in under 80 saves the adventurer for a bonus. The time period in which you complete the festival of greed also affects the payout the merchant rewards you with, my best guess is <30 days, but I'm unsure.
I'd honestly just like a list of them if it isn't too much trouble. It would help plan future playthroughs better, and not feel overly rushed to complete things without maximizing preparation.