I was curious so I looked it up, and I should let you know this is actually a bug with Godot, apparently there are issues rendering the particles with AMD graphics cards (which I have) so likely this isn't even your issue but something to be aware of. Apparently they have a fix that just isn't pushed to stable.
https://forum.godotengine.org/t/cpuparticles2d-is-not-running-on-html5-builds/78...
Viewing post in Say, a Windy Day? jam comments
I should have used GPUParticles2D instead of CPUParticles2D... well, too late for that now (unless I decide to update this game once the jam is over). For now I'll add a little clause in the game description saying "There is a bug with AMD graphics card users that causes the wind particles to not display. There are wind particles in the background."
Thanks for troubleshooting this for me!