You did great with the time you had! If you're planning on continuing I'd definitely start by putting the case generation to one side (don't remove it, just ignore it for the time being) and focus on making an easy to use game. That doesn't mean easy to play, just make it a bit more intuitive. Once you have the UI nailed and you're sure of the mechanics/how you want players to interact with your game, you can focus fully on the algorithm stuff. If you do end up releasing this, let me know, I'd love to play the finished version :)
If you're planning on doing more game jams, I'd definitely recommend stripping out extras next time (like the shop and money) and focus on your core features more. Then if you have time you can add all those bits in. Quality > quantity when it comes to jams.