Not sure how you setup your inputs, but I ran into an issue very similar to that once. For me, changing .GetAxis to .GetAxisRaw fixed it. I believe .GetAxis is more dependent on frame rate which can change a lot when playing in the editor vs. a build.
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Ah I was just using "GetKey" and hard coded the buttons in. Probably isn't the right way to handle it, but it was working so well in editor that I didn't second guess it until a friend told me it felt weird the day before I had to submit. Tweaked it a bit until it felt good in a build to me, but probably should've looked into it more. Thanks for the advice!