Oh, it's not in any chapter specifically as far as I know, I can't recall what was done exactly to get the stone tablets and god transcripts from the trial. I actually ended up looking in the files while doing it for ease of access due to how ingame they seem to be random.
My notes say it was Apollo's trial that mentions Asterion mastering the Threadcutter. It got that name from cutting the threads of the Fates, ones they would not touch, which left people immortal. He was trained to use it by Laomedon, who carried his father Tithonus to the labyrinth where Asterion resided and begged him to use the axe to end his father's life. Tithonus' father was given immortality, but not eternal youth, so he turned into a frail old man, undying, but unable to live.
The fear of the gods was not expressly stated, that much I am simply interpreting from the tablets.