Hey a fellow Löve game programmer :)
It is a shame the controls are a bit difficult to get used to. It kind of spoil the experience.
The power 2 and 3 are more interesting than the first one which is the equivalent of the a thrust (at least from the camera perspective). So the early experience doesn't really establish how the lack of thrust impact the asteroid genre.
But I like that asteroids collide with each other creating some domino effect which is quite cool. I also like that you tried to use the points in the back to visualize the effect of your power but, especially for the first one, it can be a bit too subtle.